Research Article
The Absolute Age First Determination of the 3rd Terrace Deposits from Transilvania, Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence Method
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
182-192
Received:
14 August 2024
Accepted:
12 September 2024
Published:
26 September 2024
Abstract: For determining the absolute age of the terrace deposits, a geomorphosite located on the left side of Someşul Mare river, southeast of Rebrişoara was selected, which includes a fragment of the tread of the 3rd terrace (20-21 m relative altitude) and the cuesta slope, facing north the Făgetului Hills. The question regarding the age of fluvial terraces has been long debated in Romanian geomorphological literature age since the beginning of the 20th century. Many geomorphologists have carried out studies wherein the question of the age of the terraces, both inside the Carpathian curvature and outside, was raised. Most of the studies carried out for the terraces on the rivers of the Transylvanian Basin indicated the age of the 3rd terrace as Wurmian. Until recently, most assumptions related to the age of the terraces were based on the correlation between terraces and/or by dating the paleontological fossils discovered in the terrace deposits. Recent studies, on the other hand, use high-precision methods to determine the ages of terrace formations. Researchers, use methods like the Infrared-stimulated luminescence dating (IRSL) and SAR-OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence). Within this context, the present study focuses on the attempt to determine the age of the 3rd terrace in the corridor of the Someșul Mare river. In the alluvial formations of this terrace, two geologic drillings were carried out from where several samples were collected. They were subjected to OSL analysis at the Luminescence Dating Laboratory, Department of Geoinformatics, Physical and Environmental Geography, University of Szeged, Hungary. The results showed an older age of the 3rd terrace than it has been believed until now.
Abstract: For determining the absolute age of the terrace deposits, a geomorphosite located on the left side of Someşul Mare river, southeast of Rebrişoara was selected, which includes a fragment of the tread of the 3rd terrace (20-21 m relative altitude) and the cuesta slope, facing north the Făgetului Hills. The question regarding the age of fluvial terrac...
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Research Article
Identification and Mapping Groundwater Potential Zones Using Geospatial Analysis for Genale-Dawa Bale Sub-Basin, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mulugeta Eshetu*,
Mersha Alemu,
Getachew Haile
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
193-218
Received:
31 August 2024
Accepted:
25 September 2024
Published:
18 October 2024
Abstract: Groundwater is one of the most crucial natural water supplies because of continuously directly or indirectly supports many domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities but is now being degraded due to various causes. Therefore, this study aimed to iddentfy and map the factors that determine groundwater potential and produce a groundwater potential zones map for Genale-Dawa Bale Sub-Basin. Accordingly, in this study, ten (10) factors affect groundwater potential at varying degrees namely: rainfall, geomorphology, LULC, lithology, soil texture, slope, elevation, topographic wetness index, drainage, and lineament density were used. Criteria weights and rankings were assigned based on expert opinion, literature review, and field survey experience, using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and ArcGIS 10.3 software to map potential groundwater zones. The results show that thematic factors such as rainfall, geomorphology, LULC, lithology, soil texture, slope, topographic wetness index, elevation, drainage density, and lineament density affect groundwater potential with weight values of 24.2%, 18.7%, 10.7%, 13%, 7.9%, 6.9%, 3.8%, 3.8%, 5.4%, and 5.7% respectively in the study area. Maps of groundwater potential zones classified into five categories: very low 366,001.80 ha (24.36%), low 249,151.07 ha (16.58%), moderate 271,817 ha (18.09%), high 278,343.13 ha (18.53%), and very high 337,194.06 ha (22.44%) for the Bale Zone and the Genale-Dawa Sub-Basin. The low to very low groundwater potentiality has been seen on the map at different distances due to the presence of hills and steep slopes, rock outcrop surfaces, clay soil textural class, low rainfall areas, very high drainage density, low lineament density, bare land are the main reasons. The validation analysis revealed a 91% confirms the very good agreement between the groundwater inventory data and the developed groundwater potential zone. The groundwater potential zones assessment and map of the current research results serve as a baseline information for planners, decision-makers, and adopters of sustainable management options, to identify suitable sites for groundwater exploration, and initial for further studies. Further studies, detailed water chemistry surveys, geophysical surveys at potential drilling sites, and grade analysis should recommended.
Abstract: Groundwater is one of the most crucial natural water supplies because of continuously directly or indirectly supports many domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities but is now being degraded due to various causes. Therefore, this study aimed to iddentfy and map the factors that determine groundwater potential and produce a groundwater poten...
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Research Article
Origin and Formation of Carbonatoblastites (Known as Carbonatites); The First Prototype Constitution of the Article
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
219-238
Received:
5 September 2024
Accepted:
14 October 2024
Published:
31 October 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.earth.20241305.13
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Views:
Abstract: To date, carbonatites are known as rocks of magmatic origin, rare in nature. However, as a result of our scientific research (field, petrographic and mineralogical studies, etc.), it has been determined that carbonatites are not of magmatic origin. Carbonatoblastites (known as carbonatites of magmatic origin and rarely seen in nature); developed within the regional dynamothermal Tarhan metamorphism cycle, and developed in the changing physical conditions (P/T) of the facies and sub-facies of the Abukuma type reversed regional regressive dynamothermal metamorphism, where temperatures are effective compared to pressures (T>P, temperatures have left their mark/seal on the metamorphism). Pure-impure carbonate/limestones, which are primary rock units, and pure-impure marbles, which are the metamorphic equivalent rocks of Barrow-type regionally progressive dynamothermal metamorphism, where pressures are effective compared to temperatures of primary rock units (P/T, pressures have left their mark on metamorphism), they were formed within. Carbonatoblastites are derived in the solid phase and in-situ from the rock units in which they were formed. Carbonatoblastites/Carbonatoblastic rock series and their derivatives are defined, named and classified under the general name of modern metablastic rock series and their derivatives, which are a new type of metamorphic rocks of metamorphic origin, rootless, of pure-impure carbonate/limestones with different primary rocks. Metablastic rock series and their derivatives are formed from different primary source rock units. Under the name of carbonatoblastites/carbonatoblastic rock series and their derivatives, many different carbonatoblastite type metablastic rocks (alkali metablastites, syenitoblastite, monzonitoblastite, calcitoblastite, calcito-dolomitoblastite, dolomitoblastite, sideritoblastite, stroncianitoblastite etc.) and carbonate-based rock-forming main-secondary-trace carbonatoblast type different crystalloblast neominerals (calcitoblast, dolomitoblast, witheritoblast, stroncianitoblast etc.) have been etymologically redefined, named, classified and their physical-chemical properties have been determined. Carbonatoblastic rock series and their derivatives/carbonatoblastites (known as carbonatites of magmatic origin and rare), contrary to the views in Geology/Earth Sciences literature that they are rarely seen in nature, have very thick and widespread outcrops within the metamorphic belts on our planet, the Earth. They were generally defined and mapped as recrystallized limestone/carbonate and marbles by previous researchers.
Abstract: To date, carbonatites are known as rocks of magmatic origin, rare in nature. However, as a result of our scientific research (field, petrographic and mineralogical studies, etc.), it has been determined that carbonatites are not of magmatic origin. Carbonatoblastites (known as carbonatites of magmatic origin and rarely seen in nature); developed wi...
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,
Buzila Liviu-Ioan*
