Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia

Darith Siek; Sun Emmsethakar; Wen Yu; Shiwei Xu; Sun Bunna; Siek Sourphimean; Siek Sourchhordaphear

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18

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Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia

Darith Siek^*, Sun Emmsethakar, Wen Yu, Shiwei Xu, Sun Bunna, Siek Sourphimean, Siek Sourchhordaphear

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 12, Issue 3)

Received: 30 May 2024 Accepted: 15 June 2024 Published: 27 June 2024

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Abstract

This paper investigates the economic sustainability of Cambodian rural rice farmers. Rice in Cambodia is a stable crop just as in many other Southeast Asian countries. The rice plants not only provide food to people but also a source of feed for livestock. Based on survey about of 6 districts of the rural household in Battambang of Cambodia, a total 204 rice farmers were interviewed and multiple regression models was applied using the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to determine the factors affecting the Crop-livestock farmers’ disposable income. The study aggregated the livestock of 3 species including cattle, pig and chicken in cattle unit standard known as Livestock Unit (LU). The result of the empirical analysis shows that many household demography factors as well as the socioeconomic factors influences the disposable income. The findings in the study provide an insight to the government and extension offices on effective development of economic sustainability of rice farming and livestock production system in the regions; investing more in public animal healthcare; ensure stable market prices for both rice and livestock, paying more attention on the factors limiting income in particular to poorer provinces and districts. Provide irrigation facilities accompanied with high technological varieties to encourage the double or even triple rice seasons. In addition, government (especially the ministry of agriculture) should embark on technological transfer among provinces and countries with successful agricultural system, orient farmers on the potential benefits of crop-livestock farming, provide training ground and scheme to local farmers.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 12, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18
Page(s)	217-222
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sustainable Income, Rice Rain-Fed, Livestock, Battambang, Cambodia

References

[1]	CAC (2015) Census of Agriculture in Cambodia 2013, National Report on Final Census Results. National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cambodia.
[2]	Chilonda P and Otte J 2006: Indicators to monitor trends in livestock production at national, regional and international levels. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 18, Article #117. Retrieved December 20, 2016, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd18/8/chil18117.htm
[3]	FAO (2016) FAO Rice Market Monitor (RMM), Trade and Markets Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Volume XIX issue No. 3 http://www.fao.org/economic/RMM
[4]	FAOSTAT (2016) Online Database, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (accessed December 18, 2016) http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC
[5]	Fujisaka S. Rainfed lowland rice: building research on farmer practice and technical knowledge, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 33 (1) (1990) 57–74.
[6]	GRiSP (Global Rice Science Partnership) (2013) Rice almanac, 4th edition. Los Baños (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. 149 p.
[7]	Hutcheson, G. D. (2011). Ordinary Least-Squares Regression. In L. Moutinho and G. D. Hutcheson, The SAGE Dictionary of Quantitative Management Research. Pages 224-228.
[8]	Jeffrey M. Wooldridge (2009), Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 4th ed., Cengage Learning. Chapters 3 - 7.
[9]	Ly, P., Jensen, L. S., Bruun, T. B., & de Neergaard, A. (2015). Factors explaining variability in rice yields in a rain-fed lowland rice ecosystem in Southern Cambodia. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 78, 129–137. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2016.05.003
[10]	MAFF (2014) Agricultural Statistic in 2013, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
[11]	MAFF (2015) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan 2014-2018, Kingdom of Cambodia.
[12]	NSDP (2015). National Strategic development Plan 2014-2018, Royal Government of Cambodia. Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
[13]	Richard Earles, Paul Williams, Robyn Metzger (2005). Sustainable Agriculture: An Introduction (ATTRA). https://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/summaries/summary.php?pub=294
[14]	Shean Michael (2010) Commodity Intelligence Report, United State Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agriculture Service. (USDA-FAS).
[15]	Stock, James H. and Mark W. Watson (2015), Introduction to Econometrics, 3rd ed., Pearson Addison-Wesley. Chapters 4-9.
[16]	Vin Sareth (2015) The study on rice trade between Cambodia and the Greater Mekong Sub region: China, Thailand and Vietnam. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Dissertation.
[17]	World Bank (2016). World Development Indicators (accessed December 17, 2016) http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&series=NY.GDP.MKTP.CD&country=KHM
[18]	Zeigler R. S., D. W. Puckridge, Improving sustainable productivity in rice-based rain-fed lowland systems of South and Southeast Asia, Geo Journal 35(3) (1995) 307–324.

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APA Style

Siek, D., Emmsethakar, S., Yu, W., Xu, S., Bunna, S., et al. (2024). Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 12(3), 217-222. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18

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ACS Style

Siek, D.; Emmsethakar, S.; Yu, W.; Xu, S.; Bunna, S., et al. Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia. Am. J. Agric. For. 2024, 12(3), 217-222. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18

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AMA Style

Siek D, Emmsethakar S, Yu W, Xu S, Bunna S, et al. Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia. Am J Agric For. 2024;12(3):217-222. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18,
  author = {Darith Siek and Sun Emmsethakar and Wen Yu and Shiwei Xu and Sun Bunna and Siek Sourphimean and Siek Sourchhordaphear},
  title = {Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia
},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {217-222},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20241203.18},
  abstract = {This paper investigates the economic sustainability of Cambodian rural rice farmers. Rice in Cambodia is a stable crop just as in many other Southeast Asian countries. The rice plants not only provide food to people but also a source of feed for livestock. Based on survey about of 6 districts of the rural household in Battambang of Cambodia, a total 204 rice farmers were interviewed and multiple regression models was applied using the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to determine the factors affecting the Crop-livestock farmers’ disposable income. The study aggregated the livestock of 3 species including cattle, pig and chicken in cattle unit standard known as Livestock Unit (LU). The result of the empirical analysis shows that many household demography factors as well as the socioeconomic factors influences the disposable income. The findings in the study provide an insight to the government and extension offices on effective development of economic sustainability of rice farming and livestock production system in the regions; investing more in public animal healthcare; ensure stable market prices for both rice and livestock, paying more attention on the factors limiting income in particular to poorer provinces and districts. Provide irrigation facilities accompanied with high technological varieties to encourage the double or even triple rice seasons. In addition, government (especially the ministry of agriculture) should embark on technological transfer among provinces and countries with successful agricultural system, orient farmers on the potential benefits of crop-livestock farming, provide training ground and scheme to local farmers.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia

AU  - Darith Siek
AU  - Sun Emmsethakar
AU  - Wen Yu
AU  - Shiwei Xu
AU  - Sun Bunna
AU  - Siek Sourphimean
AU  - Siek Sourchhordaphear
Y1  - 2024/06/27
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 217
EP  - 222
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18
AB  - This paper investigates the economic sustainability of Cambodian rural rice farmers. Rice in Cambodia is a stable crop just as in many other Southeast Asian countries. The rice plants not only provide food to people but also a source of feed for livestock. Based on survey about of 6 districts of the rural household in Battambang of Cambodia, a total 204 rice farmers were interviewed and multiple regression models was applied using the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to determine the factors affecting the Crop-livestock farmers’ disposable income. The study aggregated the livestock of 3 species including cattle, pig and chicken in cattle unit standard known as Livestock Unit (LU). The result of the empirical analysis shows that many household demography factors as well as the socioeconomic factors influences the disposable income. The findings in the study provide an insight to the government and extension offices on effective development of economic sustainability of rice farming and livestock production system in the regions; investing more in public animal healthcare; ensure stable market prices for both rice and livestock, paying more attention on the factors limiting income in particular to poorer provinces and districts. Provide irrigation facilities accompanied with high technological varieties to encourage the double or even triple rice seasons. In addition, government (especially the ministry of agriculture) should embark on technological transfer among provinces and countries with successful agricultural system, orient farmers on the potential benefits of crop-livestock farming, provide training ground and scheme to local farmers.

VL  - 12
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Darith Siek

Regional Polytechnic Institute Techno Sen Battambang, Ministry of Laboure and Vocational Training, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

Contact Email
Sun Emmsethakar

Siek Sour Company, Battambang, Cambodia
Wen Yu

Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Shiwei Xu

Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Sun Bunna

Department of Curriculum Development, Ministry of Education Youth and Sports, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Siek Sourphimean

Siek Sour Company, Battambang, Cambodia
Siek Sourchhordaphear

Siek Sour Company, Battambang, Cambodia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Siek, D., Emmsethakar, S., Yu, W., Xu, S., Bunna, S., et al. (2024). Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 12(3), 217-222. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18

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ACS Style

Siek, D.; Emmsethakar, S.; Yu, W.; Xu, S.; Bunna, S., et al. Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia. Am. J. Agric. For. 2024, 12(3), 217-222. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18

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AMA Style

Siek D, Emmsethakar S, Yu W, Xu S, Bunna S, et al. Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia. Am J Agric For. 2024;12(3):217-222. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18,
  author = {Darith Siek and Sun Emmsethakar and Wen Yu and Shiwei Xu and Sun Bunna and Siek Sourphimean and Siek Sourchhordaphear},
  title = {Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia
},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {217-222},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20241203.18},
  abstract = {This paper investigates the economic sustainability of Cambodian rural rice farmers. Rice in Cambodia is a stable crop just as in many other Southeast Asian countries. The rice plants not only provide food to people but also a source of feed for livestock. Based on survey about of 6 districts of the rural household in Battambang of Cambodia, a total 204 rice farmers were interviewed and multiple regression models was applied using the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to determine the factors affecting the Crop-livestock farmers’ disposable income. The study aggregated the livestock of 3 species including cattle, pig and chicken in cattle unit standard known as Livestock Unit (LU). The result of the empirical analysis shows that many household demography factors as well as the socioeconomic factors influences the disposable income. The findings in the study provide an insight to the government and extension offices on effective development of economic sustainability of rice farming and livestock production system in the regions; investing more in public animal healthcare; ensure stable market prices for both rice and livestock, paying more attention on the factors limiting income in particular to poorer provinces and districts. Provide irrigation facilities accompanied with high technological varieties to encourage the double or even triple rice seasons. In addition, government (especially the ministry of agriculture) should embark on technological transfer among provinces and countries with successful agricultural system, orient farmers on the potential benefits of crop-livestock farming, provide training ground and scheme to local farmers.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Empirical Analysis on Economic Sustainable of Rice Rain-Fed Area in Rural Cambodia

AU  - Darith Siek
AU  - Sun Emmsethakar
AU  - Wen Yu
AU  - Shiwei Xu
AU  - Sun Bunna
AU  - Siek Sourphimean
AU  - Siek Sourchhordaphear
Y1  - 2024/06/27
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 217
EP  - 222
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.18
AB  - This paper investigates the economic sustainability of Cambodian rural rice farmers. Rice in Cambodia is a stable crop just as in many other Southeast Asian countries. The rice plants not only provide food to people but also a source of feed for livestock. Based on survey about of 6 districts of the rural household in Battambang of Cambodia, a total 204 rice farmers were interviewed and multiple regression models was applied using the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to determine the factors affecting the Crop-livestock farmers’ disposable income. The study aggregated the livestock of 3 species including cattle, pig and chicken in cattle unit standard known as Livestock Unit (LU). The result of the empirical analysis shows that many household demography factors as well as the socioeconomic factors influences the disposable income. The findings in the study provide an insight to the government and extension offices on effective development of economic sustainability of rice farming and livestock production system in the regions; investing more in public animal healthcare; ensure stable market prices for both rice and livestock, paying more attention on the factors limiting income in particular to poorer provinces and districts. Provide irrigation facilities accompanied with high technological varieties to encourage the double or even triple rice seasons. In addition, government (especially the ministry of agriculture) should embark on technological transfer among provinces and countries with successful agricultural system, orient farmers on the potential benefits of crop-livestock farming, provide training ground and scheme to local farmers.

VL  - 12
IS  - 3
ER  -

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